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Kith and Kin Committee Report

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An Overview of Kith and Kin
Click here
for an updated list of activities
and accomplishments posted 8/3/2000.

When people think of child care they usually think of child care centers. The fact is less than one-third of all children in child care attend child care centers. The vast majority of children receive care from family or group homes or ‘kith and kin’ care. Kith and kin, also referred to as relative care, is provided by a family member or friend, in the child’s home or the friend or relative’s home.

Relative, or kith and kin care is the arrangement of choice for working parents of infants and toddlers. In spite of this, little is known in Alabama about the quality of care these children receive. For this reason, the Alabama Child Care Consortium, in partnership with Voices for Alabama’s Children, is sponsoring an initiative to gain a better understanding of perceptions and misconceptions regarding kith and kin child care and to determine and address the needs of the providers of this type of care.

The three main goals of the Kith and Kin Initiative are:

  1. To determine the standard of care that children receive;
  2. To identify and address the types of information kith and kin providers want and need;
  3. To create a sustainable network for kith and kin providers.

The initiative will be administered by Voices for Alabama’s Children and will be supervised by Carolyn Bern (Project Director) of Voices. Beverly Mulvihill, (Initiative Coordinator) of the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Civitan Center, will provide coordination and serve as the liaison between project activities, Voices and the Consortium.

Kith and Kin Initiative: Work Scope and Plan

In partnership with Voices for Alabama=s Children, the Alabama Child Care Consortium proposes to study a small population of relative care providers to meet the following purpose, goals, and objectives.

PURPOSE: The broad purpose of the Kith and Kin initiative is to gain a better understanding of perceptions and misconceptions regarding relative child care and to determine and address providers= educational and emotional needs.

GOALS: There are three main goals of this project: 1) determine the standard of care children receive in relative care; 2) identify and address types of information relative child care providers want and need; and 3) create a sustainable network for relative care providers.

APPROACHES AND METHODS: The goals of the project will be addressed through specific, measurable objectives and activities. These objectives will be met through the development and implementation of a home visitation/intervention program in twelve Alabama counties, each representing one of the child care Management Agency districts.

The project will be administered by Voices for Alabama=s Children and will be supervised by Carolyn Bern (Project Director) of Voices. Beverly Mulvihill (Initiative Coordinator) of UAB=s Civitan Center will provide coordination and will be the liaison between the project activities, Voices and the Consortium.

Project goals and objectives will be achieved by putting into place the following staff and committees: one full-time project administrator, twelve full-time or twenty-four part-time home visitors, a statewide advisory committee, and a local steering committee in each CMA region. The local steering committees will be comprised, at a minimum, of representatives from the local public health department, department of human resources, CMA, child care facilities, parents, early intervention, private health care, and cooperative extension. Community assessments are expected to reveal other key stakeholders regarding relative child care to include on the local committee.

TIMELINE: This proposal represents a 9-month work period: January 1, 2000-September 30, 2000. This is considered to be the start-up period for this initiative which will continue over the life of the Consortium.


Updated account of recent activities and accomplishments of Kith and Kin Advisory committee 8/3/2000: 

  • Gathered information and mapped number of subsidized relative care providers by county
  • Meeting with Child Care Management Agency directors and staff to discuss initiative
  • Developed instrument to use for focus groups
  • Identified 7 communities in which focus groups will be conducted
  • Revised objectives and timelines for Kith and Kin Initiative
  • Received UAB Institutional Review Board approval for focus group materials
  • Attended relative care facilitator training and met with staff at Bank Street College of Education in NYC
  • Scheduled training for Child Care Partners (who will be working with care providers)
  • Conducted focus groups in Montgomery and Tuscaloosa
  • Conducted interviews for Child Care Partner positions
  • Designed Kith and Kin brochure
  • Designed and distributed relative care provider newsletter
  • Made presentation at "Stand for Children" rally
  • Met with Mobile Area Education Foundation to assist with non-subsidized providers' focus groups

National Center for Children in Poverty Kith and Kin Child Care Issue Brief Summary 

This issue brief from the National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP) documents important strategies that states and communities can use to reach out directly to children and their caregivers. Many children are in the care of family, friends, and neighbors while their parents work. The caregivers, referred to as kith (friends) and kin (family) and sometimes informal or relative care providers, serve as a cornerstone to support families and are chosen by families for a variety of reasons.  More information is available on the NCCP web site.


Original Advisory Committee Overview  12/99

Kith and Kin, or relative care, refer to informal child care arrangements in which friends or family care for a child in either the child’s home or the friend or relative’s home. It is the form of child care about which the least is known, and is, predictably, the least regulated. The Kith and Kin advisory committee discussed the issues surrounding this form of care, as well as a proposed initiative to institute a home visitation and mentor program for these providers.

What do we currently know about kith and kin care?

  • It is selected for a wide range of reasons
  • It is a way to keep child care money in the family
  • Provides some financial assistance for the family
  • Hours parents work require a flexible schedule
  • Transportation to other facilities lacking
  • Beliefs that it is best for small infants
  • Keeps children in home environment
  • Respects parental choice and convenience
  • Financial assistance for provider
  • Because exempt facilities have no standards or accountability, may be difficult to apply standards and accountability to relative care
  • Foster care uses relative care often
  • Only care available in some areas - no other options
  • More convenient (location, hours, fees)
  • Point of view and philosophy more like parents
  • Relatives do not view themselves as child care providers,viewed as nurturers, family helpers, extension of family

What obstacles or barriers will be encountered as we seek to improve kith and kin care?

  • There is much information we don’t have – how many children are in this type of care, and where
  • What is the present quality of care received in these settings
  • How to "get in" to homes and with providers
  • No level playing field between exempt and non-exempt facilities
  • Provider attitude – see any type of ‘intervention’ as intrusive and demeaning
  • Providers don’t see themselves as child care professionals
  • These providers and the children in their care are isolated from other caregivers and other groups of children.
  • Parents may not feel comfortable voicing dissatisfaction to a friend or relative who is doing them a favor.
  • There are a lot of children in this type of care, a lot of money going into it, but no way to know about or demand quality

What are some innovative solutions to these barriers?

  • Look nationally at "parenting" programs
  • Offer "respite" for relative care provider
  • Transportation for family (to relatives or "other")
  • Education on "choices"
  • Relative care could expand into family care
  • Elevate to "profession"
  • Information from parents, providers and professionals.
  • Provide incentives for allowing someone in home
  • Plan community day for relative care providers
  • Address provider needs
  • Develop award system that provides recognition and perhaps an official "Title" for relative care providers
  • Tie regulations and standards to subsidy money

Look for places to obtain information regarding these care arrangements:

  • Parents
  • Doctors
  • Other types of providers
  • Immunization records
  • Alabama Department of Public Health
  • "All Kids" – the Alabama Child Health Insurance Program
  • Child Care Management Agencies

What are some possible funding sources for kith and kin programs?

  • Department of Transportation
  • ADECCA
  • Business research
  • Local government
  • Safe kids
  • Police, fire

What type of training is needed to make this a success?

  • Tie to quality issues
  • Who determines what is needed
  • Career lattice?
  • Step program/mentor
  • Opportunity for training
  • NACRA - "daily parent" newsletter
  • How to communicate with relative care providers.
  • Need new synonym for training (refresher)

KITH & KIN MAIN POINTS

  • It exists and will continue but know little about it
  • Goes to heart of parental choice
  • Do subsidies give leverage?
  • What other leverage?
  • How to get access?
  • No way in current system to ask anything of relative care providers in exchange for the subsidies
  • Checks & balances needed
  • Is relative care provider forgoing other employment?